Of milk and honey : returns to education and migration of filipinos

Previous studies show high returns to primary education and decreasing returns to education in the Philippines. The first part of this thesis shows that standard estimates of returns to education capture the effects of ability and education quality. It finds that accounting for education quality reduces returns to education and that returns to education quality amount to three-fourths the returns to quantity of education. Moreover, accounting for ability using sibling fixed-effects estimation reduces returns to schooling by 70 percent, yields no significant returns to basic education, and yields increasing returns to higher education. The study also finds unequal education returns across Philippine regions associated with uneven economic development, which may be driving internal and international migration of Filipinos. The second part of this thesis aims to estimate the impacts of proximate and underlying factors on both permanent and temporary migration from the Philippines. Contrary to theory, it finds that migration rises with increasing domestic wages, providing additional insight into the empirical literature on the 'migration hump'. While permanent and temporary migration respond the same way to most 'push and pull' factors, findings suggest that permanent migrants are positively selected from the Philippine labor force while temporary migrants are negatively selected in the destination labor force. Although temporary migrants earn lower wages than natives in the destination countries, they respond positively to destination wages. The third part of this thesis aims to estimate the returns to migration and education for overseas Filipino workers. It finds that earnings of overseas Filipino workers in most key destinations are higher than those of domestic workers, but their returns to schooling are not significantly different from, or are even lower than, those of domestic workers. These findings confirm the negative selection of temporary migrants. Apart from purchasing power parity gains to either earnings or returns to schooling, there are also monetary gains in the conversion of foreign earnings to the local currency through the US dollar (as in the case of remittances)

Development of Regional Production and Logistic Networks in East Asia: the Case of the Philippines

Regional production networks and local production linkages are important not only for the generation of industrial activity through investment flows but also as essential sources of new information and technology. Complementing this are the so-called knowledge networks within or around industrial agglomerations that are equally important sources of technology for industrial upgrading and innovation. Both are present in the case study area of CALABARZON in the Philippines but the former seem to be more apparent than the latter as this has been characterized as weak based on secondary data and conduct of survey of establishments. With weaknesses in the S&T system in the country as part of the study’s findings, policy suggestions were provided to strengthen the linkages that remain to be wanting but are important for stimulating innovation.production linkages, Philippines, logistic networks

Sustainable Development Framework for Local Governance

Over the past sixty years, the concept of development has expanded from economic growth and investment, to poverty reduction, human development, sustainable development, and more recently to institutional development. There has also been a fresh look at industrial policy and the role of the nonfarm economy. These aspects of development are not only important in their own right but are very much interrelated. National development experience shows the importance of investment and infrastructure to growth; the significance of growth, infrastructure and human development to poverty reduction; the contribution of growth and human development to sustainable development; the effect of nonfarm incomes to growth, poverty reduction, and inequality; and the importance of institutions to growth. Local development experience also reveals the interrelatedness of the different development aspects : the importance of investment, infrastructure and human capital to growth and poverty reduction; the role of health to human capital; the significance of human capital to poverty and inequality; the value of human development, institutions and good governance to sustainable development; the importance of human capital to enterprise development; and in turn of enterprise development to investment and therefore growth as well as to poverty reduction; the contribution of nonfarm incomes to growth and poverty reduction; and the importance of governance to poverty reduction and human development. To promote local development in its various aspects, local governments play crucial roles : supplementing education investments; providing infrastructure services through private and community involvement; providing for public health care especially for the poor; making more social services accessible to the poor; monitoring, regulating and properly taxing natural resource depletion and environmental damage and promoting sustainable local management systems; promoting industrial clustering and enterprise development; fostering the development of the nonfarm economy; managing development through improved planning, budgeting, and financing; and in all aspects understanding local needs.regional development, local governance, economic growth, Human Development, poverty, Inequality, sustainable development, industrial clustering, enterprise development, nonfarm economy, institutional development

Sustainable Development Framework for Local Governance

Over the past sixty years, the concept of development has expanded from economic growth and investment, to poverty reduction, human development, sustainable development, and more recently to institutional development. There has also been a fresh look at industrial policy and the role of the nonfarm economy. These aspects of development are not only important in their own right but are very much interrelated. National development experience shows the importance of investment and infrastructure to growth; the significance of growth, infrastructure and human development to poverty reduction; the contribution of growth and human development to sustainable development; the effect of nonfarm incomes to growth, poverty reduction, and inequality; and the importance of institutions to growth. Local development experience also reveals the interrelatedness of the different development aspects : the importance of investment, infrastructure and human capital to growth and poverty reduction; the role of health to human capital; the significance of human capital to poverty and inequality; the value of human development, institutions and good governance to sustainable development; the importance of human capital to enterprise development; and in turn of enterprise development to investment and therefore growth as well as to poverty reduction; the contribution of nonfarm incomes to growth and poverty reduction; and the importance of governance to poverty reduction and human development. To promote local development in its various aspects, local governments play crucial roles : supplementing education investments; providing infrastructure services through private and community involvement; providing for public health care especially for the poor; making more social services accessible to the poor; monitoring, regulating and properly taxing natural resource depletion and environmental damage and promoting sustainable local management systems; promoting industrial clustering and enterprise development; fostering the development of the nonfarm economy; managing development through improved planning, budgeting, and financing; and in all aspects understanding local needs.regional development, local governance, economic growth, Human Development, poverty, Inequality, sustainable development, industrial clustering, enterprise development, nonfarm economy, institutional development

Sustainable Development Framework for Local Governance

Over the past sixty years, the concept of development has expanded from economic growth and investment, to poverty reduction, human development, sustainable development, and more recently to institutional development. There has also been a fresh look at industrial policy and the role of the nonfarm economy. These aspects of development are not only important in their own right but are very much interrelated. National development experience shows the importance of investment and infrastructure to growth; the significance of growth, infrastructure, and human development to poverty reduction; the contribution of growth and human development to sustainable development; the effect of nonfarm incomes to growth, poverty reduction, and inequality; and the importance of institutions to growth. Local development experience also reveals the interrelatedness of the different development aspects: the importance of investment, infrastructure, and human capital to growth and poverty reduction; the role of health to human capital; the significance of human capital to poverty and inequality; the value of human development, institutions, and good governance to sustainable development; the importance of human capital to enterprise development; and in turn of enterprise development to investment and therefore growth as well as to poverty reduction; the contribution of nonfarm incomes to growth and poverty reduction; and the importance of governance to poverty reduction and human development.economic growth, poverty, sustainable development, inequality, enterprise development, human development, local governance, regional development, nonfarm economy, industry clustering, institutional development

Institutions Serving Philippine International Labor Migrants

This paper discusses public and private institutions that were established in the Philippines to provide services to Filipino international migrant workers. Thirty years of having explicit policy on international labor migration has resulted to the creation of various public agencies to promote, manage, and protect migrant workers. This paper looks at their evolution and at the letter and application of their mandates as well as how some have become models for many developing countries to follow. It presents how government migration services work together with nongovernment organizations in a complementary manner in order to be able to provide support to Filipinos working and living overseas. It also shows how these institutions cover all aspects of migration including but not limited to predeployment, deployment, onsite support services, and eventual return.Philippines, international labor migration, institutions

Development of Regional Production and Logistic Networks in East Asia: the Case of the Philippines

Regional production networks and local production linkages are important not only for the generation of industrial activity through investment flows but also as essential sources of new information and technology. Complementing this are the so-called knowledge networks within or around industrial agglomerations that are equally important sources of technology for industrial upgrading and innovation. Both are present in the case study area of CALABARZON in the Philippines but the former seem to be more apparent than the latter as this has been characterized as weak based on secondary data and conduct of survey of establishments. With weaknesses in the S&T system in the country as part of the study’s findings, policy suggestions were provided to strengthen the linkages that remain to be wanting but are important for stimulating innovation.manufacturing sector, innovation, Philippines, global production networks (GPNs), industrial agglomeration, industrial development, production linkage

Development of Regional Production and Logistic Networks in East Asia : the Case of the Philippines

Regional production networks and local production linkages are important not only for the generation of industrial activity through investment flows but also as essential sources of new information and technology. Complementing this are the so-called knowledge networks within or around industrial agglomerations that are equally important sources of technology for industrial upgrading and innovation. Both are present in the case study area of CALABARZON in the Philippines but the former seem to be more apparent than the latter as this has been characterized as weak based on secondary data and conduct of survey of establishments. With weaknesses in the S&T system in the country as part of the studys findings, policy suggestions were provided to strengthen the linkages that remain to be wanting but are important for stimulating innovation.production linkages, Philippines, logistic networks